Global Experience Requirement
Mass communications is a global endeavor. To become effective communicators, Newhouse students are encouraged to develop an appreciation of different cultures around the world. One of the best ways to gain a global perspective is to study abroad. SU Abroad offers programs that last a week, a summer session, or a whole semester. Students are encouraged to satisfy the Global Experience requirement by studying through SU Abroad. Students who are unable to study abroad may fulfill this requirement by taking at least one course from the following list.
Courses that are on this list and that are also on the Divisional Requirement lists may fulfill both the Global requirement and the Divisional requirement. The Diversity requirement and the Global requirement, however, may not be fulfilled with the same course.
AFRICAN AMERICAN STUDIES
AAS 202 | Caribbean Society since Independence |
AAS 207 | A Survey of African Music |
AAS 233 | The Caribbean Novel |
AAS 234 | African Fiction |
AAS 241/REL 281 | African Religions: An Introduction |
AAS 305 | African Orature |
AAS/WGS 307 | African Women Writers |
AAS/SOC/WGS 309 | Race, Gender, and Sexuality in African Diaspora |
AAS 312 | Pan Africanism |
AAS 327 | History of Southern Africa |
AAS/PSC 341 | Politics of Africa |
AAS/PSC 346 | Comparative Third World Politics |
AAS/PSC 364 | African International Relations |
AAS/PSC 365 | International Political Economy of the Third World |
AAS/WGS 403 | African and Caribbean Women Writers |
AAS/SOC/WGS 445 | The Caribbean: Sex Workers, Transnational Capital, and Tourism |
ANTHROPOLOGY
ANT 121 | Peoples and Cultures of the World |
ANT/HIS 145 | Introduction to Historical Archaeology |
ANT 185 | Global Encounters: Comparing World Views & Values Cross-Culturally |
ANT 273/NAT/REL 244 | Indigenous Religions |
ANT 318 | African Cultures |
ANT 322/LAS 318 | South American Cultures |
ANT/SAS/WGS 324 | Modern South Asian Cultures |
ANT 326/WGS 327 | Africa through the Novel |
ANT 327 | Anthropology of Race in Latin America and the Caribbean |
ANT 357 | Health, Healing, and Culture |
ANT/GEO/WGS 367 | Gender in a Globalizing World |
ANT/HTW/MES 382 | Health in the Middle East |
ANT/LAS 423 | Effects of Globalization in Latin American |
ANT 427 | Brazil: Anthropological Perspectives |
ANT 428 | Transformation of Eastern Europe |
ANT 446 | Caribbean Archaeology |
ANT/WGS 455 | Culture and AIDS |
ANT/HTW/WGS 462 | Culture and Reproductive Health and Medicine |
ANT/HTW 463 | Global Health |
ANT/IRP/MES 468 | Middle East in Anthropological Perspective |
ANT/REL 471 | Religion and Society in Brazil |
ANT 479 | Anthropology of Global Transformations |
ANT/WGS 553 | Women and Social Change |
ARABIC
ARB/LIT/MES 336 | Arabic Cultures |
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
CAS 311 | Living in a Global Environment |
ECONOMICS
ECN 365 | The World Economy (Prerequisite: ECN 101 and 102, or ECN 203) |
ECN 465 | International Trade Theory and Policy (Prerequisite: ECN 301 or 311) |
ENGLISH AND TEXTUAL STUDIES
ETS 113 | Survey of British Literature, Beginnings to 1789 |
ETS 114 | Survey of British Literature, 1789 to Present |
ETS 115 | Topics in British Literary History |
ETS 121 | Introduction to Shakespeare |
ETS 174 | World Literature, Beginnings to 1000 |
ETS 175 | World Literature, 1000 to Present |
FRENCH
FRE 305 | Evolution and Revolution through the Centuries |
FRE 306 | From Romanticism to Postmodernism |
FRE 315 | French Civilization |
FRE 316 | Contemporary French Culture |
FRE 403 | Topics in French and Francophone Literature and Film |
FRE 405 | French Culture in Age of Louis XIV |
FRE 407 | French Libertine Fictions |
FRE 409 | French Culture and Revolution |
FRE 411 | Moliere |
FRE/WGS 412 | French Women Writers |
FRE 417 | “Impressions d’Afrique”: Caribbean Gazes |
FRE 419 | Sembene Ousmane and the African Cinema |
FRE 421 | Francophone African Criticism |
GEOGRAPHY
GEO 272 | World Cultures |
GEO 273 | Geography of the World Economy: Capitalism, Inequality, Politics |
GEO/LAS 321 | Latin American Development: Spatial Aspects |
GEO 325 | Colonialism in Latin America |
GEO 361 | Global Economic Geography |
GEO 362 | The European City |
GEO/ANT/WGS 367 | Gender in a Globalizing World |
GEO 561 | Global Economic Geography |
GERMAN
GER 357 | Contemporary German Culture and Civilization |
GER 365 | Nineteenth-Century Prose |
GER 366 | Nineteenth-Century Drama |
GER 367 | German Lyrics and Ballads |
GER 376 | Classicism and Romanticism |
GER 377 | Literature from 1880 to the Close of World War II |
GER 378 | German Literature Since World War II |
GER 379 | German and Austrian Cinema |
GREEK
GRE 310 | Greek Prose Authors (Prerequisite: GRE 102) |
GRE 320 | Readings from Greek Poets |
HISTORY
HST 111 | Early Modern Europe, 1350-1815 |
HST 112 | Modern Europe: Napoleon to the Present |
HST/ANT 145 | Introduction to Historical Archaeology |
HST/MES 208/MES 318 | The Middle East since the Rise of Islam |
HST 210 | The Ancient World |
HST 211 | Medieval and Renaissance Europe |
HST 231 | English History |
HST 232 | English History |
HST 310 | The Early Middle Ages |
HST 311 | Medieval Civilization |
HST 312 | Reformation of the 16th Century |
HST 313 | French Revolution: Sun King to Guillotine |
HST 314 | Europe from Bismarck to the First World War |
HST 315 | Europe in the Age of Hitler and Stalin |
HST 316 | Europe Since 1945 |
HST/MES 319 | The Middle East in the 20th Century |
HST 320 | Traditional China |
HST 321 | Modern China |
HST/LAS 322/SPA 325 | Colonial Latin America |
HST 323/LAS 313 | Modern Latin America |
HST/LAS 324 | Recent Latin American History |
HST 327 | A History of Southern Africa |
HST/SAS 328 | Ancient and Medieval India |
HST/SAS 329 | Making of Modern India |
HST 352 | History of Ancient Greece |
HST 353 | History of Ancient Rome |
HST 354 | Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |
HST 355 | The Italian Renaissance |
HST 356 | Modern Italy |
HST 357 | Culture and Politics in Early Modern England: From Henry VIII to Charles I |
HST 358 | Revolution and Civil War in 17th-Century England |
HST 359 | Modern Britain 1850 to the Present |
HST 360 | Modern France from Napoleon |
HST 361 | Germany to World War I, 1770-1918 |
HST/JSP/QSX 362 | Nazi Germany and the Holocaust |
HST 364 | The Origins of Modern Russia |
HST 365 | Russia in the Twentieth Century |
HST 367 | Plague to AIDS |
HST/LAS/WGS 371 | Gender in Latin American History |
HST/LAS/NAT 372 | Race in Latin America |
HST/SAS 375 | British Empire |
HST 376 | Renaissance London (Honors, 4 credits) |
HST 377 | History of Venice |
HST 378 | Early Modern Mediterranean |
HST/WGS 379 | Gender, Race, and Colonialism |
HST/JSP 392 | History of the Holocaust |
HST 393 | East Asia and the Socialist Experience |
HST 395 | Modern Japan |
HST 397 | Modern Korea |
HISTORY OF ART
HOA 105 | Arts and Ideas I |
HOA 106 | Arts and Ideas II |
HOA 301 | Origins of Western Art |
HOA 389/ARC 435 | Islamic Architecture (Prerequisite: CAS/ARC 134 or HOA 104) |
HOA 391 | Survey of Asian Art |
HOA 439/ARC 433 | French Architecture, 16th and 17th Centuries (Prerequisite: CAS/ARC 134 or HOA 105) |
HISTORY OF MUSIC
HOM 165 | Understanding Music I |
HOM 166 | Understanding Music II |
HOM 285/MHL 185 | Introduction to World Music |
HOM 361 | Topics in European Music |
HOM 384/SAS 385 | Music and Dance of India |
HOM 482 | The Roots of Global Pop (Prerequisite: Any HOM or MHL course) |
HOM 512 | World Music and Film (Prerequisite: Any HOM or MHL course) |
HOM/DRA 561 | Music and Shakespeare |
HOM 562 | Bach and Handel (Prerequisite: Any HOM or MHL course) |
HUMANITIES
HUM 420 | Studies in Renaissance Cultural History |
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
IRP/ANT/MES 468 | Middle East in Anthropological Perspective |
ITALIAN
ITA 376 | Contemporary Italian Literature |
ITA 432 | Verga, Verismo, Southern Novel |
ITA 442 | Italian Novel under Fascism |
ITA 445 | Class, Ideology and the Novel After 1968 |
JEWISH STUDIES
JSP/REL 114* | The Bible in History, Culture, and Religion |
JSP/REL 135 | Judaism |
JSP/REL 215* | The Jewish Bible/Christian Old Testament |
JSP/LIT/REL 231 | Jewish Literature |
JSP/REL 307 | The Temple and the Dead Sea Scrolls |
JSP/REL 311 | The Bible as Literature |
JSP/LIT/REL 333 | Yiddish Literature in Translation |
JSP/LIT/MES/REL 335 | Israeli Literature and Culture |
JSP/REL 337 | Shoah: Responding to the Holocaust |
JSP/MES/PSC/REL 342 | Religion and Politics in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |
JSP/HST/QSX 362 | Nazi Germany and the Holocaust |
JSP/HST 392 | History of the Holocaust |
LATIN
LAT 310 | Latin Prose Authors |
LAT 320 | Latin Poets |
LATIN AMERICAN STUDIES
LAS 302/SPA 322 | Introduction to Latin American Literature (Prerequisite: SPA 202) |
LAS 313/HST 323 | Modern Latin America |
LAS 318/ANT 322 | South American Cultures |
LAS/GEO 321 | Latin American Development: Spatial Aspects |
LAS/HST 322/SPA 325 | Colonial Latin America |
LAS/HST 324 | Recent Latin American History |
LAS 325 | Colonialism in Latin America |
LAS/SPA 326 | Beyond the Screen: Latin American and Spanish Film |
LAS/PSC 333 | Politics of Latin America |
LAS/PSC 358 | Latin-American International Relations |
LAS/HST/WGS 371 | Gender in Latin American History |
LAS/HST/NAT 372 | Race in Latin America |
LAS/ANT 423 | Effects of Globalization in Latin America |
LAS/SPA 461 | Nobel Price Writers of the Spanish-Speaking World |
LAS/SPA 463 | Contemporary Latin American Theater |
LAS/SPA 465 | Literature and Popular Culture |
LAS/SPA 467 | Film and Literature |
LAS/SPA 471 | Contemporary Latin American Literature |
LAS/SPA/WGS 475 | Women, Myth, and Nation in Latin American Literature |
LAS/SPA 479 | Perspectives on Mexico and Central America: Literature, Art, and Film |
LAS/SPA 489 | Hispanic Caribbean Narrative and Film |
LAS/SPA 493 | Afro-Hispanic Topics in Caribbean Literature (Prerequisite: SPA 301) |
LAS/SPA 495 | Marginal Cultures in Hispanic Caribbean Literature |
LAS/SPA 497 | Text and Context in Cuban Revolutionary Literature |
LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENDER STUDIES
QSX/HST/JSP 362 | Nazi Germany and the Holocaust |
LITERATURE IN TRANSLATION
LIT 101 | Introduction to Classical Literature I |
LIT 102 | Introduction to Classical Literature II |
LIT 203 | Greek and Roman Epics in English Translation |
LIT 211 | Greek and Roman Drama in English Translation |
LIT 226 | Dostoevsky and Tolstoy |
LIT 227 | Pasternak and Solzhenitsyn |
LIT/JSP/REL 231 | Jewish Literature |
LIT 241 | Dante and the Medieval World |
LIT 242 | Petrarch and the Renaissance World |
LIT 243 | Cultures of Italy from the Middle Ages to the Present |
LIT 245 | Florence and Renaissance Civilization |
LIT 255 | Cervantes in English |
LIT 257 | Italian Cinema and Culture since World War II |
LIT/RUS 331 | Russian Culture through Fiction and Film |
LIT/RUS 332 | Russian Fairy Tales and Folklore |
LIT/JSP/REL 333 | Yiddish Literature in Translation |
LIT/JSP/MES/REL 335 | Israeli Literature and Culture |
LIT/ARB/MES 336 | Arabic Cultures |
LIT/RUS 361 | Russian Literary Film Adaptations |
LIT 510 | Studies in Greek and Roman Literature in Translation |
LIT 521 | Mythology |
MAXWELL SCHOOL
MAX 132 | Global Community |
MIDDLE EASTERN STUDIES
MES/REL/SAS 165 | Discovering Islam |
MES/HST 208 | Middle East since the Rise of Islam |
MES 318/HST 208 | Middle East since the Rise of Islam |
MES/HST 319 | The Middle East in the 20th Century |
MES/JSP/LIT/REL 335 | Israeli Literature and Culture |
MES/ARB/LIT 336 | Arabic Cultures |
MES/JSP/PSC/REL 342 | Religion and Politics in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |
MES/PSC 344 | Politics of the Middle East |
MES/PSC 345 | Islam and Politics in Asia |
MES/PSC 349 | Politics of Iran |
MES/REL/SAS 364 | Enchanting Words: Muslim Poets, Singers, and Storytellers |
MES 365/REL/SAS 367 | God and Beauty in Islamic Arts |
MES/PSC 366 | Representations of the Middle East |
MES/ANT/HTW 382 | Health in the Middle East |
MES/REL/SAS/WGS 465 | Beyond the Veil: Gender Politics in Islam |
MES/ANT/IRP 468 | Middle East in Anthropological Perspective |
NATIVE AMERICAN STUDIES
NAT/REL 244/ANT 273 | Indigenous Religions |
NAT/HST/LAS 372 | Race in Latin America |
PHILOSOPHY
PHI 111 | Plato’s Republic |
PHI 307 | Ancient Philosophy |
PHI 308 | Classical Islamic Philosophy (Prerequisite: Any PHI course or junior/senior standing) |
PHI 313 | British Philosophy (Prerequisite: Any PHI course or junior/senior standing) |
PHI 418 | Hegel, Marx, and Nietzsche (Prerequisite: Any PHI course or junior/senior standing) |
PHI 422 | 20th Century French and German Philosophy (Prereq: Any PHI course or junior/senior standing) |
PHI 510 | Topics in Ancient Philosophy |
POLITICAL SCIENCE
PSC 123 | Comparative Government and Politics |
PSC 124(139)* | International Relations (or Honors) |
PSC 231 | Canadian Politics |
PSC/LAS 333 | Politics of Latin America |
PSC/AAS 341 | Politics of Africa |
PSC/JSP/MES/REL 342 | Religion and Politics in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |
PSC/MES 344 | Politics of the Middle East |
PSC/MES 345 | Islam and Politics in Asia |
PSC/AAS 346 | Comparative Third World Politics |
PSC 347 | Politics of Russia |
PSC 348 | Politics and the Military |
PSC/MES 349 | Politics of Iran |
PSC 354 | Human Rights and Global Affairs |
PSC 355 | International Political Economy |
PSC/LAS 358 | Latin-American International Relations |
PSC 359 | Foreign Policymaking |
PSC/AAS 364 | African International Relations |
PSC/AAS 365 | International Political Economy of the Third World |
PSC/MES 366 | Representations of the Middle East |
PSC 372 | Marxist |
PSYCHOLOGY
PSY 375 | Cross-Cultural Psychology (Prerequisite: PSY 205 or 209) |
RELIGION
REL 101 | Religions of the World |
REL 102 | Religion Today in a Globalizing World |
REL/JSP 114* | The Bible in History, Culture, and Religion |
REL/JSP 135 | Judaism |
REL 156 | Christianity |
REL/MES/SAS 165 | Discovering Islam |
REL/SAS 185 | Hinduism |
REL/SAS 186 | Buddhism |
REL 205 | Ancient Greek Religion |
REL 206 | Greco-Roman Religion |
REL/JSP 215* | The Jewish Bible/Christian Old Testament |
REL 217* | The New Testament |
REL 227 | Gods: A Cross-Cultural Gallery |
REL/JSP/LIT 231 | Jewish Literature |
REL/NAT 244/ANT 273 | Indigenous Religions |
REL 281/AAS 241 | African Religions: An Introduction |
REL/SAS 283 | India’s Religious Worlds |
REL 294 | Mythologies |
REL 301 | Ancient Near Eastern Religions and Cultures |
REL/JSP 307 | The Temple and the Dead Sea Scrolls |
REL 309 | Early Christianities |
REL/JSP 311 | The Bible as Literature |
REL/JSP/LIT 333 | Yiddish Literature in Translation |
REL/JSP/LIT/MES 335 | Israeli Literature and Culture |
REL/JSP 337 | Shoah: Responding to the Holocaust |
REL/JSP/MES/PSC 342 | Religion and Politics in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict |
REL/MES/SAS 364 | Enchanting Words: Muslim Poets, Singers, and Storytellers |
REL/SAS 367/MES 365 | God and Beauty in Islamic Art |
REL/SAS/WGS 384 | Goddesses, Women, and Power in Hinduism |
REL 385 | Religion in Chinese Society |
REL/MES/SAS/WGS 465 | Beyond the Veil: Gender Politics in Islam |
REL/ANT 471 | Religion and Society in Brazil |
REL 487 | Global Hinduism |
RUSSIAN
RUS 320 | Contemporary Russian Media (Prerequisite: RUS 202) |
RUS/LIT 331 | Russian Culture through Fiction and Film (Prerequisite: RUS 202) |
RUS/LIT 332 | Russian Fairy Tales and Folklore (Prerequisite: RUS 201) |
RUS 351 | Introduction to Russian Literature |
RUS 352 | Introduction to Russian Literature |
RUS/LIT 361 | Russian Literary Film Adaptations (Prerequisite: RUS 202) |
SOCIOLOGY
SOC/AAS/WGS 309 | Race, Gender, and Sexuality in African Diaspora |
SOC 415 | Global Cities |
SOC 434 | Globalization and Social Change |
SOC/AAS/WGS 445 | The Caribbean: Sex Workers, Transnational Capital, and Tourism |
SOC 447 | Social Changes and Conflict in Modern China |
SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES
SAS/MES/REL 165 | Discovering Islam |
SAS/REL 185 | Hinduism |
SAS/REL 186 | Buddhism |
SAS/REL 283 | India’s Religious Worlds |
SAS/WGS/ANT 324 | Modern South Asian Cultures |
SAS/HST 328 | Ancient and Medieval India |
SAS/HST 329 | Making of Modern India |
SAS/MES/REL 364 | Enchanting Words: Muslim Poets, Singers, and Storytellers |
SAS/REL 367/MES 365 | God and Beauty in Islamic Art |
SAS/HST 375 | British Empire |
SAS/REL/WGS 384 | Goddesses, Women, and Power in Hinduism |
SAS 385/HOM 384 | Music and Dance of India |
SAS/MES/REL/WGS 465 | Beyond the Veil: Gender Politics in Islam |
SPANISH
SPA 321 | Introduction to Spanish Literature |
SPA 322/LAS 302 | Introduction to Latin American Literature |
SPA 325/LAS/HST 322 | Colonial Latin America (Prerequisite: SPA 201) |
SPA/LAS 326 | Beyond the Screen: Latin American and Spanish Film |
SPA 441 | Medieval and Golden Age Literature |
SPA 443 | Cervantes |
SPA 451 | Identities and Cultures of Spain |
SPA 453 | Spanish Literature (20th Century) |
SPA 455 | Romantics and Realists: Gender Politics in Spanish Literature and Film |
SPA 457 | Civil War to Contemporary Spanish Literature and Culture |
SPA 458 | 20th Century Spanish Theater |
SPA/LAS 461 | Nobel Prize Writers of the Spanish-Speaking World |
SPA/LAS 463 | Contemporary Latin American Theater |
SPA/LAS 465 | Literature and Popular Culture |
SPA/LAS 467 | Film and Literature |
SPA/LAS 471 | Contemporary Latin American Literature |
SPA/LAS/WGS 475 | Women, Myth, and Nation in Latin American Literature |
SPA/LAS 479 | Perspectives on Mexico and Central America: Literature, Art, Film |
SPA/LAS 489 | Hispanic Caribbean Narrative and Film |
SPA/LAS 493 | Afro-Hispanic Topics in Caribbean Literature |
SPA/LAS 495 | Marginal Cultures in Hispanic Caribbean Literature |
SPA/LAS 497 | Text and Context in Cuban Revolutionary Literature |
WOMEN’S AND GENDER STUDIES
WGS/AAS 307 | African Women Writers |
WGS/AAS/SOC 309 | Race, Gender, and Sexuality in African Diaspora |
WGS/ANT/SAS 324 | Modern South Asian Cultures |
WGS 327/ANT 326 | African through the Novel |
WGS/ANT/GEO 367 | Gender in a Globalizing World |
WGS/HST/LAS 371 | Gender in Latin American History |
WGS/HST 379 | Gender, Race, and Colonialism |
WGS/REL/SAS 384 | Goddesses, Women, and Power in Hinduism |
WGS/AAS 403 | African and Caribbean Women Writers |
WGS/FRE 412 | French Women Writers |
WGS/CRS/WRT 436 | Feminist Rhetoric(s) |
WGS 439 | Women, Gender, and Violence in a Transnational Context |
WGS/AAS/SOC 445 | The Caribbean: Sex Workers, Transnational Capital, and Tourism |
WGS 452 | Feminism and Postcolonial Studies (Prerequisite: WGS 101 or 201 or 301 or 310 or 410) |
WGS/ANT/HTW 462 | Culture and Reproductive Health and Medicine |
WGS/MES/REL/SAS 465 | Beyond the Veil: Gender Politics in Islam |
WGS/LAS/SPA 475 | Women, Myth, and Nation in Latin American Literature |
WGS/ANT 553 | Women and Social Change |
WRITING
WRT/CRS/WGS 436 | Feminist Rhetoric(s) (Prerequisite: WRT 205 or WRT or ENL 213) |
OTHER SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES*
School of Architecture
ARC 433/HOA 439 | French Architecture, 16th and 17th Centuries (Prerequisite: CAS/ARC 134 or HOA 105) |
ARC 435/HOA 389 | Islamic Architecture (Prerequisite: CAS/ARC 134 or HOA 105) |
School of Management
LPP/SCM 459 | The Law of Global Business (Prerequisites: LPP 255 and SCM 265) |
SCM/LPP 459 | The Law of Global Business (Prerequisites: LPP 255 and SCM 265) |
SOM 354 | Managing in a Global Setting |
College of Sports and Human Dynamics
FST 217 | World Cuisines |
HTW/ANT/MES 382 | Health in the Middle East |
HTW/ANT/WGS 462 | Culture and Reproductive Health and Medicine |
HTW/ANT 463 | Global Health |
SPM 381 | International Sports (Prerequisite: SPM 205) |
Newhouse School of Public Communications
ADV 345 | International Advertising (Prerequisite: COM 107) |
TRF 560 | Topics in International Perspectives |
College of Visual and Performing Arts
CRS 430 | Intercultural Communication |
CRS/WGS/WRT 436 | Feminist Rhetoric(s) |
CRS 551 | History of British Public Address |
DRA 352 | Survey of Theatre History (Prerequisite: DRA 115) |
DRA/HOM 561 | Music and Shakespeare |
FAS 335 | History of Fashion Design I: Origins and Revivals |
FAS 336 | History of Fashion Design II: Contemporary Trends |
FAS 526 | Cultural Aspects of Clothing |
MHL 185/HOM 285 | Introduction to World Music |
RAE 411 | Global Commerce and Law for the Music Entertainment Industry |
*Notes:
Students may receive credit for one of the courses in the following pairs:
- JSP/REL 114: The Bible in History, Culture and Religion or JSP/REL 215: The Jewish Bible/Christian Old Testament
- JSP/REL 114: The Bible in History, Culture and Religion or REL 217: The New Testament
- PSC 124: International Relations or PSC 139: International Relations
Global Experience courses which are not listed under Arts and Sciences or cross listed with Arts and Sciences may not count toward the 61-credit Arts and Sciences requirement.